Technical Papers

This site has many original technical articles written on a wide range of topics from phase-locked loops and frequency synthesizers to methods of computing square-roots and elliptic integrals as found on this page. The papers are grouped by tab / subject matter below:

[fruitful_tabs type=”accordion” width=”100%” fit=”false”] [fruitful_tab title=”Antennas”]

“Magis Air5^TM Antenna Array Development Work,” J.A. Crawford, 28 May 2003

“Antenna Guidelines for Use with Magis Air5^TM,” J.A. Crawford, Jan 2003

“Antenna Guidelines for Use with Magis Air5^TM,” J.A. Crawford, 15 May 2003

[/fruitful_tab] [fruitful_tab title=”Bit Synchonization”]

“Bit Synchronization Talk 1988,” J.A. Crawford.

“Cair Bit Synchronizer Project 1990,” J.A. Crawford.

Chapter 10 in Advanced Phase-Lock Techniques is devoted entirely to bit synchronization.

[/fruitful_tab] [fruitful_tab title=”Communication Systems”]

“Multimode RF Transceiver Advances WEDGE Radio System,” J.A. Crawford, rf design, January 2007.

“Phase Noise Effects on Square QAM Symbol Error Rate,” J.A. Crawford.
Mathematical means for computing symbol error rate of QAM signal constellations with phase noise present.

“Translation Loop: Passing GMSK Modulation,” J.A. Crawford.

“Satellite Doppler with Type-3 PLL Tracking,” J.A. Crawford.

“Substantiation of Water-Filling Concept Using Lagrange Multipliers,” J.A. Crawford.

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[fruitful_tab title=”Digital Signal Processing”]

“Approximation for Root( I² + Q²),” J.A. Crawford.

“Computation of Square Roots,” J.A. Crawford .

“Optimum Eigenfilter Design Methodology,” J.A. Crawford.

“Computing Data Windows Recursively,” J.A. Crawford.
Discusses simple numerical means suitable for DSP implementation for computing Gaussian and Blackman data windows. Method can be easily extended to many other window types.

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[fruitful_tab title=”Frequency Synthesizer Design”]

Chapter 5 Excerpt from Advanced Phase-Lock Applications- Frequency Synthesis, J.A. Crawford.

“Charge-Pump Noise Models for PLLs,” J.A. Crawford.

“Understanding the Specifics of Sampling in Synthesis- Part I,” J.A. Crawford, Microwaves, Aug. 1984.

“Extending Sampling to Type-2 Phase-Locked Loops- Part II,” J.A. Crawford, Microwaves, Sept. 1984 .

“The Misunderstood Phase/Frequency Detector,” rf design, J.A. Crawford, Feb. 1985.

“Synthesizer Designs Minimize Phase Noise in Cellular Systems,” J.A. Crawford, Microwaves & RF, Jan. 1993.

“MACSET: Macroscopic Modeling of Phase-Locked Loops Used for Frequency Synthesis,” J.A. Crawford, 1988.

“The Phase-Locked Loop Concept for Frequency Synthesis,” J.A. Crawford, 1987.

“Phase-Locked Loop Concept for Synthesis- Time Domain ,” J.A. Crawford, 1987.

“Effects of Small Contaminating Signals in Nonlinear Elements Used in Frequency Synthesis and Conversion,” W.F. Egan, July 1981 (Reprinted in Frequency Stability: Fundamentals and Measurement, 1983, IEEE Press.

“A GSM Modulator Using a Delta-Sigma Frequency Discriminator Based Synthesizer,” W.T. Bax.

“Phase-Locked Loop Phase Noise Assessment,” J.A. Crawford.

“PLL Basics- Loop Filter Design,” Fujitsu.

“Derivation of the Fractional-N Phase Noise Formula,” J.A. Crawford

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[fruitful_tab title=”Miscellaneous”]

“Perfecting My Swing,” J.A. Crawford

“My Long-Range Surveillance Camera,” J.A. Crawford

“My Anodizing Procedure,” J.A. Crawford

“Reliable Computer Storage”, J.A. Crawford

“Potato Cannon with Arduino-Based Chronograph- Part II (Wrap-Up)”, J.A. Crawford.

“Potato Cannon With Arduino-Based Chronograph- Part I,” J.A. Crawford.

“Moveable 4×10 Workbench with Pneumatic Lift,” J.A. Crawford.

“Dreaded Interview Questions- Part I,” J.A. Crawford.

“Start-Up Company: Opportunity or Just a Job?”, J.A. Crawford, Dec. 2003.

“Pendulums and Elliptic Integrals,” J.A. Crawford. Derivation of the formula involved with pendulum motion with specific attention to the calculation of elliptic integrals and accurate time domain simulation using numerical methods.

“Random Variable Sums and the Central Limit Theorem,” J.A. Crawford, Feb. 2005.

“Current Flow in a Conductive Sheet,” J.A. Crawford, May. 2008.

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[fruitful_tab title=”Modems”]

GMSK Modem for RAM (1990), J.A. Crawford.

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[fruitful_tab title=”Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM)”]

“Making OFDM Work for High-Performance Wireless Networks,” J.A. Crawford (from Magis Networks website).

“OFDM Basics at 5 GHz, 14 Sept 2001,” J.A. Crawford (from Magis Networks website). 

[/fruitful_tab]

[fruitful_tab title=”Oscillators”]

“A Low Noise Oscillator,” Masters Thesis, June 1967, E. Janning.

“Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators for Frequency Control and Timing Applications: A Tutorial,” J.R. Vig, U.S. Army CECOM, January 2000.

“VCOs for Mobile Communications,” H. Yabuki, M. Sagawa, M. Makimoto.

“Low Noise Oscillator Design,” R. Muat, A. Upham, Hewlett Packard (circa 1981).

“A Simple Analytic Method for Transistor Oscillator Design,” A. Grebennikov.

“Fundamentals of Quartz Oscillators,” Application Note 200-2, Hewlett-Packard.

Chapter 9 of Advanced Phase-Lock Techniques is devoted entirely to oscillators.

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[fruitful_tab title=”Phase-Locked Loops”]

“PLL Terminology,” J.A. Crawford, Jan. 2008.

“Digital Redesign of Continuous-Time Phase-Locked Loops,” J.A. Crawford, April 2005.

PLL Tutorial: “Phase-Locked Loops- A Broad Perspective” J.A. Crawford.
A broad mathematical perspective on PLLs for frequency synthesis, carrier tracking, bit symbol timing recovery, and estimation theory.

“Introduction to Phase-Locked Loop System Modeling,” Wen Li, Jason Meiners

“Phase-Locked Loop Design Fundamentals,” Motorola, AN535 (Classic)

“GMSK Translation Phase-Locked Loop,” J.A. Crawford

Appendix 6C from 2008 text Advanced Phase-Lock Techniques

Appendix 6D from 2008 text Advanced Phase-Lock Techniques

Appendix 7A from 2008 text Advanced Phase-Lock Techniques

“Introduction To Phase-Lock Loop System Modeling,” Wen Li

[/fruitful_tab]

[fruitful_tab title=”Phase Noise”]

“Extending the Range and Accuracy of Phase Noise Measurements,” F.L. Walls, et al., NIST.

“Accurate Measurements of Power Spectral Density of Phase Noise in Devices,” F.L. Walls, S.R. Stein, NIST.

“The Art of Phase Noise Measurement,” D. Scherer, May 1983.

“PLL Phase Noise Performance Assessment (Example),”,J.A. Crawford.

“Low Noise Frequency Synthesis,” F.L. Walls, C.M. Felton, NIST.

“Design Principles and Test Methods for Low Phase Noise RF and Microwave Sources,” D. Scherer, 1980.

“Generation of Low Phase Noise Microwave Signals,” Dieter Scherer, Sept. 1981.

Phase Noise Measurement Seminar, Hewlett-Packard Spokane Division, 1983.

“Specifying Local Oscillator Phase Noise Performance- How Good is Good Enough?”, R. Gilmore.

“Some Aspects of the Theory and Measurement of Frequency Fluctuation in Frequency Standards,” L.S. Cutler, C.L. Searle, 1966 (Classic, reprinted in Frequency Stability: Fundamentals and Measurement, IEEE Press, 1983).

“Phase Noise Measurement Using a High Resolution Counter with On-Line Data Processing,” L. Peregrino, D. Ricci, 1976 (Classic, reprinted in Frequency Stability: Fundamentals and Measurement, IEEE Press, 1983).

“Phase Noise Measurement,” Lance, A., Seal, W., TRW.

[/fruitful_tab]

[fruitful_tab title=”Transceiver Design”]

Excerpts from U.S. Air Force SBIR 1992 “Advanced Manpack Satellite Terminal.” J.A. Crawford Principal Investigator

Part I

Part II

“CMOS Frequency-Hopped Transceiver,” Behbahani, et al.

“Receiver Architectures,” Renfors, M.

“Receiver Design Tools”

[/fruitful_tab]

[fruitful_tab title=”RF Design”]

“Tunable Bandpass Filters- Part I,” J.A. Crawford

“Tunable Bandpass Filters- Part II,” J.A. Crawford

“Tunable Bandpass Filters- Part III,” J.A. Crawford

On-Line Filter Article at Microwaves & RF, J.A. Crawford

“Coaxial Line and 50 Ohms,” J.A. Crawford

ISSCC 2003 Abstract

“A Multiple Antenna 5 GHz OFDM Single-Chip SiGe BiCMOS Transciever for Wireless HDTV and Data Distribution,” ISSCC 2003.

ISSCC 2003 Figures

“Bartlett’s Bisection Theorem for Electrical Filters,” J.A. Crawford

LPF Designer Documentation, J.A. Crawford

[/fruitful_tab]

[fruitful_tab title=”Software and Programming”]

“LPF Designer Documentation,” J.A. Crawford, 2011-2015.

“Rpad- Design of Resistive Pi- and Tee-Attenuators,” J.A. Crawford, 2011-2013.

“Time Domain Simulation of Analog/RF Circuits for MATLAB / SIMULINK / C++,” J.A. Crawford, 2016.

[/fruitful_tab]

[fruitful_tab title=”WLAN”]

“Multimedia Over Wireless Home Networks,” J.A. Crawford, D.N. Critchlow, October 2003, presented at Fall 2003 Communication Design Conference (Power Point Slides).

“Multimedia Over Wireless Home Networks,” J.A. Crawford, D.N. Critchlow, October 2003, presented at Fall 2003 Communication Design Conference (Paper).

“Steps for Delivering Multimedia Over 5 GHz WLAN,” J.A. Crawford, D.N. Critchlow, CommsDesign, 26 Feb. 2004.

“Propagation Losses at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz,” R. Wilson (from Magis Networks website).

“Air-5 Field Test Results for High-QoS Applications,” J.A. Crawford (from Magis Networks website).

“Air-5 In-Home Field Testing Results, Report 2,” J.A. Crawford (from Magis Networks website).

[/fruitful_tab]

[fruitful_tab title=”Telescope Project”]

Part 7

Part 6AB

Part 5

Part 4

Part 3

Part 2

Part 1

Revised project – “GoTo”

Part 1

Also see the project page.

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[/fruitful_tabs]